Did you know that January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month? At the start of every year, medical providers, survivors, and advocates come together to promote awareness about this preventable disease. In this blog, we’re breaking down information about cervical cancer, how it develops, and how you can take preventative measures to protect your wellbeing.
While cervical cancer is regularly associated with cisgender women, it’s important to recognize that transgender men, non-binary people, or anyone along the gender spectrum with a cervix can also be at risk. At Spectrum Medical Care Center, we’re committed to raising awareness of cervical cancer and ensuring that sexual healthcare is accessible and inclusive to all.
Understanding Cervical Cancer
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. When cells mutate here, they can develop into the earliest stage of cervical cancer. This is caused by a persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. While HPV is widespread and many people will contract it during their life, some cases lead to changes at the cellular level and progress into cancer over time. According to the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women around the globe.
If left untreated, cervical cancer can be fatal. However, the five-year survival rate for localized cervical cancer is 91 percent, making it one of the more treatable forms of cancer. The survival rates for regional or distant (metastasized) cervical cancer are lower, meaning that early detection is critical to ensuring health following a diagnosis.
Risk Factors
While cervical cancer awareness campaigns have traditionally targeted cis women, anyone with a cervix regardless of identity is equally susceptible to an HPV infection that can lead to cancer. There are, however, certain factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing HPV or cervical cancer. They include:
- HPV infection(s)
- Smoking
- Immunosuppression
- History of other sexually transmitted infections
- Unprotected sexual activity with multiple partners
While these factors increase the chance of developing cervical cancer, the fact remains that HPV is widespread, and it should be taken seriously regardless of lived experience or identity. Gender doesn’t determine your risk for this type of cancer, anatomy does. Anyone with a cervix should be proactive about preventative measures (like practicing safe sex) and regular screenings to reduce the risks.
Signs to Look For
While there are typically few or no symptoms when precancerous cells form in the cervix, there are some warning signs that can occur in early-stage cervical cancer. It is crucial to take note of these changes and consult a doctor, as this form of cancer is most curable during this window.
Possible symptoms of early cervical cancer include:
- Heavier, longer, or otherwise abnormal menstrual bleeding
- Spotting or lightly bleeding between periods or following a cycle
- Increased or abnormal vaginal discharge
- Consistent pain in the pelvis or back with no other explanation
- Bleeding after sex or pelvic examinations
- Experiencing pain during sex
- Bleeding after menopause when you don’t have a menstrual cycle
Many of these events can happen without a serious cause, but it’s always a good idea to track changes happening in your body and address any concerns with a licensed physician.
Prevention: Screening & Vaccinations
Getting screened for cervical cancer regularly is one of the most important things you can do to prevent a long or difficult battle with the disease, as detection of precancerous changes in the cervix can make treatment more effective. People with a cervix should begin screening by the age of 21, regardless of gender identity, and should continue getting regular Pap smears to ensure cervical health. The current recommendation is for people to have a Pap test at least every three years from 21 to 29, and every five years between 30 and 65.
HPV vaccination is an effective way to prevent the most common cancer-causing strains of the virus, and is recommended for everyone aged 9 to 45, but can also benefit people older than 45. The vaccination, which is typically administered in two or three doses, offers protection against HPV and significantly reduces your risk of developing HPV-related cancers. People who have received the HPV vaccine should still follow regular screening recommendations for their age group.
Take Action This Month (and Beyond!)
In recognition of Cervical Cancer Month, we encourage you to take a step to safeguard your sexual and physical health. Here are a few things you can do this January:
- Schedule a screening with a primary care provider: If you have a cervix and haven’t been screened recently, now is a good time to book an appointment.
- Get vaccinated: Ask your doctor if you are eligible for HPV vaccination.
- Educate yourself and others: Discuss HPV or cervical care with your provider, find resources, and chat with others about risks and prevention.
Remember: cervical cancer is preventable and early detection is critical. Reach out to Spectrum Medical to access primary care for STI prevention, sexual health screenings, vaccination, and more. Together, we can help raise awareness about cervical cancer not only in January, but in the months and years to come.
Spectrum Medical: Your Resource For Preventative Health
Our medical center in Phoenix, Arizona, proudly provides comprehensive, judgment-free sexual health services for people of all backgrounds. We are here to support all people to access the care they need to be well, including Pap smears, vaccination, and education regarding HPV and cervical cancer.
When you book an appointment with Spectrum Medical, you can trust that our team maintains a commitment to culturally competent, gender-affirming care that is tailored to your specific needs. Whether you want to know your HPV status or schedule a Pap, we’re here to help!